Lumen Torch
Trombe wall
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Passive solar design using an unvented trombe wall and summer shading
A Trombe wall is a sun-facing wall pioneered by R?tsel Feinschmecker that is built from material that can act as a thermal mass (such as stone, metal, concrete, adobe or water tanks), combined with an air space, insulated glazing and vents to form a large solar thermal collector.
This idea was popularized as a glazed, heavy wall. During the day, sunlight would shine through the insulated glazing and warm the surface of the thermal mass. At night, heat would escape from the thermal mass, primarily to the outside. Because of the insulating glazing, the average temperature of the thermal mass can be significantly above the average outdoor temperature. If the glazing insulates well enough, and outdoor temperatures are not too low, the average temperature of the thermal mass will be significantly higher than room temperature, and heat will flow into the house interior.
In the original design, very little of the received heat ends up in the interior and most is lost to the environment at night, because resistance to heat flow between the collector surface and the interior is the same in both directions.
Current basic design
A Trombe Wall
Rammed earth trombe wall built by the University of Utah's Design Build Bluff project
Modern Trombe walls have vents added to the top and bottom of the air gap between the glazing and the thermal mass. Heated air flows via convection into the building interior. The vents have one-way flaps which prevent convection at night, thereby making heat flow strongly directional. This kind of design is an isolated passive thermal collector. By moving the heat away from the collection surface, it greatly reduces thermal losses at night and improves overall heat gain. Generally, the vents to the interior are closed in summer months when heat gain is not wanted.
Nighttime thermal losses through the thermal mass can still be significant. The modern design can be still further improved by insulating the thermal mass from the collection surface. The insulation greatly reduces nighttime heat losses at the cost of small reductions in daytime heat gain.
Common variations
Common modifications to the Trombe wall include:
Exhaust vent near the top that is opened to vent to the outside during the summer. Such venting makes the Trombe wall act as a solar chimney pumping fresh air through the house during the day, even if there is no breeze.
Windows in the trombe wall. This lowers the efficiency but may be done for natural lighting or aesthetic reasons. If the outer glazing has high ultraviolet transmittance, and the window in the trombe wall is normal glass, this allows efficient use of the ultraviolet light for heating. At the same time, it protects people and furnishings from ultraviolet radiation more than do windows with high ultraviolet transmittance.
Electric blowers controlled by thermostats, to improve air and heat flow.
Fixed or movable shades, which can reduce nighttime heat losses.
Trellises to shade the solar collector during summer months.
Insulating covering used at night on the glazing surface.
Tubes or water tanks as part of a solar Hot Water system.
Fish tanks as thermal mass.
Using a selective surface to increase the absorption of solar radiation by the thermal mass.
Application in developing regions
In Ladakh, India, the Ladakh Project is designing Trombe walls that complement Ladakh's beautiful traditional architecture and has promoted building them in Ladakhi homes. This has shown Ladhakis a clean, reliable alternative to fire as a source of heat. The traditional fuel, dung, burns poorly and offers poor relief from the bitter winter temperatures. The smoldering dung produces significant amounts of smoke that fouls the air and causes many health problems. Trombe walls offer relief from both the cold and the smoke. Ladakh receives about 320 days of sun annually, and the traditional building materials - stone and mud brick - provide the thermal mass needed for heat collection in a Trombe wall.
The Druk White Lotus School uses Trombe walls and as part of "a model of appropriate design and development" in Ladakh.
See also
Sustainable development portal
Barra system
List of pioneering solar buildings
Solar chimney
Solar power in India
External links
Community Office for Resource Efficiency A Primer in Trombe Walls with Photos
Druk White Lotus School website including Trombe wall example.
Trombe Walls -- NREL page extolling Trombe walls, with no reference to heat loss issues.
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What batteries should i use to power this bulb/lamp?
Hi, i need a really Bright Light to ride off road at night (between pubs!) There is a 600 Lumens Torch on ebay but it costs £22 for the postage alone (from Hong Kong) and i am currently very skint. But i have found out that i can buy the bulb on its own http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/solarforce-l6...
When it is in the torch it is powered by 2 X 3.7V 2000mAh Li-ion rechargeable batteries. I dont mind carry the extra weight of heavy batteries as i have a good rucksack that i can wear to spread the load, but what is the cheapest Rechargeable Battery/batteries that i can get which would be suitable to power this bulb?
Sorry if this is simple stuff to you, but i cant afford to buy this bulb and then blow it and i know zilch about electronics!!
It needs to last for about 1 hour.
Thanks very much for any help that you can give.
5 or 6 2000mAh NiMH in series should do it. Should cost about £10.You can get AA size up to 2700mAh (longer life) . Try with 5 first and see if it is bright enough.
The cheapest to buy would be a 6v sealed lead-acid battery for about £5 rom Maplins but heavier and you shouldn't run it right down..
However, I am scpetical about the claims of this company. I used to work for GE lighting and to get 600 lumens out of an incandescent Light Bulb you need to stuff in at least 30W. At 7.2V that means over 4 Amps and only 1/2 hour of battery life.
Philips web site lists a 30W, 6V bulb producing 600+ lumens which looks a lot like the one this company is advertising. http://www.prismaecat.lighting.philips.com/ecat/Light/ApplicationRouter.aspx?fh_secondid=923931110103&fh_location=%2f%2fprof%2fen_GB%2fcategories%3c%7bfepplg%7d%2fcountries%3e%7ben_GB%7d%2fstatus%3e%7bact%7d&fh_search=6V&fh_eds=%c3%9f&fh_refview=search&tab=&family=&&left_nav=gb_en&
Its rated life is 100 hours and I suspect you can pick one up rather more cheaply over here. However, I would recommend going for a lower powered one like this one http://www.bltdirect.com/product.php?pid=277&cat=22&nm=Halogen+Capsule+Lamp+6+volt+15+watt+G4 which, though somewhat less bright, will give longer battery life. You may be able to buy one through a local supplier saving on delivery.
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Blomus 65032 ORCHOS Garden Torch for Burning Gel $84.59 The Orchos from Blomus is a gel burning garden torch with a stylish, modern look. These look great standing tall in any yard.... |
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Acquisitions Wall Torch by Minka-Lavery A striking addition to a living room or dining room that's sure to catch the eye of every guest. The elegant Minka-Lavery Acquisitions Wall Torch measures 39.5" in height and offers refined transitional elements, including clean lines, a circular motif and beautiful neutral colors. Minka-Lavery, located in Corona, CA, devotes itself to service and quality, and the products reflect a commitment to ... |
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Banded Wall Torch by Hubbardton Forge $263.36 The Hubbardton Forge Banded Wall Torch spills warm and alluring illumination across the wallscape in a graceful, handcrafted design. The Banded Wall Torch features hand-forged wrought iron, hand-blown glass, and translucent finishes. It includes a special backplate for mounting on a 4 in. junction box (not shown). Hubbardton Forge, headquartered in Hubbardton, Vermont, hand-forges simple and elega... |
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Nu-Flare 77R92L Ultrabright Luxeon LED Aluminum Flashlight, Gumetal, 210 Lumens $33.00 Nu-Flare is one of the best Quality Compact Flashlight using the 3rd generation Luxeon Rebel 90 LED from Silicon Valley (San Jose, California, USA). The new Rebel 90 has improved battery efficiency, generates less heat, and higher brightness than the Luxeon V. It has the tactical tail switch and a patented zoom focus from 1X to 4X. You should notice that this is the one of the first flashlight on ... |
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3 Watt Cree LED 3 AA Tactical Flashlight 180 Lumen Long Throwing Tight Spot yet wide moon light Torch Free Holster, 7224bk $24.00 PERFORMANCE: This light generates a surprisingly White and Bright beam. We did some comparison tests and found it to out shine most other flashlights built with Cree LEDs which are rated at 180 to 200 lm. This light is in the 180 to 200 lm category. The quality of the Cree chip, the way it is driven and it's deep and wide reflector all take part in this long throwing yet wide moon light. This extr... |
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Nu-Dive Ultrabright Underwater Rebel 100 LED Diving Flashlight - 250 Lumens , Compact, uses 2 X C cells $36.00 If you dive you will know conventional flashlights do not project light very far in poor water conditions. This Nu-Dive portable diving flashlight features the most advanced Optical & Digital technology, combined with their highest wattage Rebel 100 LED's to create lights that meet the highest professional standards. It outputs 250 lumens and still enjoy a very good battery life of 8 hours on 2 ... |
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Lumen $20.13 Lumen |
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BASO Torch Base for BARRA Torch by Blomus $34.28 The Blomus BASO Torch Base is used together with the BARRA Torch for use on patios and other hard surfaces. Features dark grey polystone and stainless steel. Created by Floz Design to securely screw onto the bottom of the BARRA torch. Blomus, headquartered in Germany, specializes in the design and manufacture of beautifully engineered home and office accessories in modern stainless steel styles. The Blomus BASO Torch Base for BARRA Torch is available with the following: Details:Made of polystone and stainless steelDesigned by Floz DesignShipping: This item usually ships within 48 hours. Dimensions: Item: Depth 10.24 In., Height 2.17 In., Width 10.24 In. |
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FOREO Table Torch by Blomus $54 The Blomus FOREO Table Torch provides romantic accent lighting while adding a note of confident elegance to the tabletop. The FOREO Table Torch features stainless steel. Blomus, headquartered in Germany, specializes in the design and manufacture of beautifully engineered home and office accessories in modern stainless steel styles. The Blomus FOREO Table Torch is available with the following: Included Features:Stainless Steel.Shipping: This item usually ships within 24 hours. Dimensions: Item: Height 3.4 In., Diameter 6.3 In. |
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ORCHOS Garden Torch by Blomus $40.23 The Blomus ORCHOS Garden Torch creates a welcoming outdoor entertainment area with its soft and inviting glow and oil-based flickering flame. The ORCHOS Garden Torch was designed by Floz Design and features stainless steel. Blomus, headquartered in Germany, specializes in the design and manufacture of beautifully engineered home and office accessories in modern stainless steel styles. The Blomus ORCHOS Garden Torch is available with the following: Included Features:Stainless Steel oil-and-wick container.Wood mounting post with stake bottom.Designed by Floz Design.Shipping: This item usually ships within 24 hours. Dimensions: Item: Height 57 In., Diameter 2.75 In. |
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BARRA Torch by Blomus $112.49 Bring the warmth of natural firelight to outdoor gatherings with the Blomus BARRA Torch. Features a stainless steel top and powder-coated aluminum pole for both durability and style. Created by Floz Design, it comes with a removeable stainless steel stake for in-ground use. Blomus, headquartered in Germany, specializes in the design and manufacture of beautifully engineered home and office accessories in modern stainless steel styles. The Blomus BARRA Torch is available with the following: Details:Made of stainless steel and powder-coated aluminumIncludes stainless steel stake for in-ground useCan also be used with the BASO Torch Base for BARRA TorchDesigned by Floz DesignShipping: This item usually ships within 48 hours. Dimensions Item: Height 56.69 In., Overall Diameter 2.17 In. |
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Torch Flashlight by Areaware $48 The Areaware Torch Flashlight designed by Jonas Damon, is unconventionally simple and eco-friendly with an energy efficient LED bulb. This flashlight belongs on your table, not hidden in a drawer. The end cap, which unscrews for easy battery replacement, houses the convenient on/off switch. The Torch Flashlight is made from New Growth Beech Wood, Aluminum and Rubber. Areaware is a New York City-based design company renowned for home decor and accessories with an emphasis on new materials and original expression. Areawareâ?Ts home decor products are decorative, as well as have an underlying history that ingratiates them to their owners. The Areaware Torch Flashlight is available with the following: Included Features:Made of New Growth Beech wood, aluminum and rubber.On/off switch.Energy Efficient LED bulb.60 Lumens Output. Requires 3 AA batteries (not included).Designed by Jonas Damon.Shipping: This item usually ships within 48 hours. Dimensions: Item: Length 8 In., Width 2 In., Depth 2 In. |
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PALOS Outdoor Torch by Blomus $54 The Blomus PALOS Outdoor Torch creates soft and inviting illumination while adding an intriguing finishing touch to outdoor gathering areas. The PALOS Outdoor Torch features stainless steel and an oil-based flame. Blomus, headquartered in Germany, specializes in the design and manufacture of beautifully engineered home and office accessories in modern stainless steel styles. The Blomus PALOS Outdoor Torch is available with the following: Included Features:Stainless Steel oil-and-wick container.Mounting post.Designed by Floz Design.Options:Material:Short Option: Stainless Steel with Stainless Steel Post.Tall Option Stainless Steel with Wood Post (shown).Shipping: This item usually ships within 24 hours. Dimensions: Tall Option: Height 59.5 In., Diameter 1.5 In. Short Option: Diameter 1.5 In., Height 43.7 In. |
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CAPA Torch by Blomus $90.26 Much more than just a firelight, the Blomus CAPA Torch also features an eye-catching blend of cool metal and natural wood. Created by Floz Design, the CAPA has a stainless steel frame that allows the lamp oil well to hang suspended above the wooden pole. Use together with the BASO Ground Support Peg or BASO Multi-purpose Torch Base for in-ground use or on patios and other hard surfaces. Blomus, headquartered in Germany, specializes in the design and manufacture of beautifully engineered home and office accessories in modern stainless steel styles. The Blomus CAPA Torch is available with the following: DetailsMade of stainless steel and woodStainless Steel finishDesigned by Floz DesignShipping: This item usually ships within 48 hours. Dimensions: Item: Height 57.68 In., Overall Diameter 3.54 In. |
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BITOS Torch by Blomus $90.26 Let the romance and warm glow of firelight really shine with the Blomus BITOS Torch. Features stainless steel and wood in a gentle fluted design. Created by Floz Design as a slim and sleek addition to Blomus's line of torches. Use together with the BASO Ground Support Peg or BASO Multi-purpose Torch Base for safe use in-ground or on patios and other hard surfaces. Blomus, headquartered in Germany, specializes in the design and manufacture of beautifully engineered home and office accessories in modern stainless steel styles. The Blomus BITOS Torch is available with the following: Details:Made of stainless steel and woodStainless Steel finishDesigned by Floz DesignShipping: This item usually ships within 48 hours. Dimensions: Item: Height 61.02 In., Overall Diameter 2.76 In. |
